Essay on Roman Fever - 623 Words

Roman Fever Roman Fever is an outstanding example of Edith Whartons theme to express the subtle nuances of formal upper class society that cause change underneath the pretense of stability. Wharton studied what actually made their common society tick, paying attention to unspoken signals, the histories of relationships, and seemingly coincidental parallels. All of these factors contribute to the strength and validity of the story of Mrs. Slade and Mrs. Ansley. Roman Fever at first strikes the reader as the simple, rather dull story of two middle aged women sitting on a veranda. The inactiveness of the situation appears to be evident in Mrs. Slades comment, Well, I dont see why we shouldnt just stay here, reflecting†¦show more content†¦The reader might consider how it seems that the mothers and daughters were mismatched, a concept that is clever foreshadowing by the author, hinting at the scandal and instability lurking underneath the facade of morality and perfection worn by Slades and Ansleys upper class society. By noting the subtitles of human conditions under the stress of strict societal control, Edith Wharton created literature that is true to the society she portrayed. Mrs. Slade and Mrs. Ansley probably would have liked to cause each other bodily harm, yet their society ruled that such behavior would not be tolerated. Therefore, they buried their feelings and expressed them only in subtle movements and off the cuff remarks, bits and pieces of communication that most people would overlook. However, Wharton realized that these fragments composed the only true communication and therefore composed the real story of Mrs. Slade and Mrs. Ansley. Wharton takes the much-admired upper crust of society and exposes them, not in a hurtful world, but an objectively world. Wharton writes: Ive come to the conclusion that I dont in the least know what they are, said Mrs. Ansley. And perhaps we didnt know much more about each other.(780) This one passage serves as a direct commentary on both the bonds of friendship and family life. Whartons language is objective, straightforward. The character speaks these alarmingShow MoreRelatedIrony and Symbolism in Roman Fever Essay820 Words   |  4 Pages The short story, â€Å"Roman Fever† illustrates the shocking relationship between two women, Mrs. Ansley and Mrs. Slade, by a chance meeting in Rome. As the story opens the two women are sitting on the terrace of a Roman restaurant that has an astonishing view of the Colosseum and other Roman ruins. While the women sit in silence and enjoy the tranquil view from the terrace they notice their daughters down below running off to spend a romantic evening with two young men. This triggers Mrs. Slades memoriesRead More Change in Roman Fever by Edith Wharton Essay1956 Words   |  8 PagesChange in Roman Fever by Edith Wharton Chance (or coincidence) has an ambiguous role in the outcome of different situations; it can work in or against one’s favour. As in real life, chance in literature has considerable influence on the circumstances of the characters and where those circumstances lead. In two particular literary works, Roman Fever and A Small, Good Thing, chance happenings have grave results on the lives of the characters concerned. In Roman Fever, old friends meet byRead MoreThe Facade of Friendship in Edith Wharton’s Short Story, Roman Fever1595 Words   |  7 Pagesnew pair of shoes eventually turns into coveting her career or fiancà ©. Once the delicate balance between friendship and rivalry is disturbed, feelings of jealousy and hatred will emerge to destroy the relationship. Edith Wharton’s short story â€Å"Roman Fever† depicts the dynamic between two life-long friends as they reminisce about their youth. The events in the plot gradually undermine their close friendship, exposing their true feelings about each other and the hidden secrets of their past. ThroughRead MoreRoman Fever Analysis724 Words   |  3 Pages Roman Fever, by Edith Wharton, is an outstanding example of Whartons theme to express the subtle nuances of formal upper class society that cause change underneath the pretense of stability. Wharton studied what actually made their common society tick, paying attention to unspoken signals, the histories of relationships, and seemingly coincidental parallels. All of these factors contribute to the strength and validity of the story of Mrs. Slade and Mrs. Ansley. Roman Fever at first strikes theRead MoreThe Irony Of Roman Fever1147 Words   |  5 PagesThe Irony of â€Å"Roman Fever† In the short story â€Å"Roman Fever† the author Edith Wharton used multiple different literary devices throughout the reading. Although the ones that were the most obvious to me were imagery, tone, and irony. Throughout the story she is constantly giving vivid details so her readers are able to visualize her story. She also writes so you understand how each character feels through what they say and how she depicts how they say it as well helps with this. The moral to the storyRead MoreCharacterization From Roman Fever Essay952 Words   |  4 PagesCharacterization from â€Å"Roman Fever† The wicked witch, the stepmother, the damsel in distress, the fair maiden, the prince. All these stock characters are well known. Flat and shallow, they are only either evil, repressive, distressed, fair, or kind. They are known because they are seen everywhere. But what do they teach or show about human nature. Do these â€Å"people† make provoke thought or do they fill a role for a plot? Emphasizing who they are, not what they do, â€Å"literary fiction writers areRead MoreInterpersonal Conflict In Roman Fever1297 Words   |  6 PagesRoman Fever portrays the story of two widow: Mrs. Slade and Mrs. Ansley, about their delicate relationship and dark secrets buried in the past. Mrs. Slade and Mrs. Ansley falls in love with the same person, which intrigues Mrs. Slade’s plan to falsify a letter to Mrs. Ansley. The secret around Roman Fever, the letter and Mr. Shade is eventually uncovered 25 years later when the two widow reunion in Rome again. This paper would analyze the internal tension in patriarchal society and discuss how itRead MoreThe Roman Fever By Allen Iverson1012 Words   |  5 PagesRoman Fever was a very interesting read. It was short but it was very easy to understand, and to follow. I believe the theme to this story is to be thankful for what you have, and stay humble. Some people take the things have for granted, and some people are not as humble as they should be. For example, there are many people who are upper class, and are not humble for what they have at all. Being wealthy is definitely something you can be proud about; however I believe there should be a point whereRead MoreThe Envious Role in â€Å"Roman Fever†1882 Words   |  8 PagesThe fine line between the fear of the unknown and what is known can sometimes become blurred. In the short story â€Å"Roman Fever†, Edith Wharton does just that by telling the story of two ladies who were ‘childhood friends’. Both are recently widowed, and encou nter each other in Rome by coincidence while traveling abroad with their daughters Jenny and Barbara. One of the ladies, Alida Slade, has long suspected that her intimate friend, Grace Ansley was involved with her fiancà © many years ago and hasRead MoreEdith Wharton s Roman Fever1251 Words   |  6 PagesThis philosophy is seen in Edith Wharton’s short story â€Å"Roman Fever† by her characters Mrs. Slade and Mrs. Ansley as they argue about a letter and an affair in the duration of the story. Wharton’s main characters are on opposing sides of the philosophy of determinism, with Mrs. Slade representing determinism and Mrs. Ansley representing free will, respectively and each effectively showing Wharton’s disagreement to determinism. In â€Å" Roman Fever†, Mrs. Slade represented determinism in the duration of

What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages of High Levels...

Tommy Le N8486666 Kasha – Class 07 Executives are often seen as the most crucial person in the companies. Their daily tasks involve both multifarious management and challenging projects in order to promote companies growth and achieve business goals in the competitive business environment. Therefore, most corporations tend to provide decent wages and welfare to executives for their great contribution and irreplaceable value. Although the right executives deserve high compensation, some people suspect that it might bring the heavy burden and potential risks to the companies. This essay will discuss both benefits and drawbacks of high levels of executive compensation. It will firstly consider the merits including affirmation and†¦show more content†¦First of all, the qualified executives from outside fields might be attracted because of the high remuneration above the average, and the companies also increase the competition as a result of absorbing talents. In addition, the relationship between shareholders and executives can be improved as well. Schubert and Barenbaum (2008, p.28) argue that maximizing shareholder value is usually seen as a second goal of 7/1/2013 Tommy Le N8486666 Kasha – Class 07 executives because they are willing to maximize their own profits. To some extent, the executives will take shareholders’ profits into consideration if they satisfy with the compensation. Top executives tend to persist in excellent management both in themselves and things around them, and they â€Å"wish to win in the shareholder performance game† (Schubert Barenbaum, 2008, p.28). Finally, high compensation is a mean to mitigate agency conflicts between shareholders and managers. As Feng, Ghosh, He, Sirmans (2010, pp.446–479) mentioned, high remuneration associated with the performance is effective in aligning executives’ interests with shareholders’, and they would like to join hand to pursue the same goal. However, high levels of executive compensation are not always beneficial to the staff. In spite of incentives, the issue of distributive justice may exist in most of companies. According to Harris (2009, p.150), the public view that executive pay packages seem grosslyShow MoreRelatedEssay on Internal and External Equity Compensation866 Words   |  4 PagesInternal and External Equity Comparison HRM/324 02/11/2013 Internal and External Equity Comparison Compensation packages are one of the most valuable pieces of the puzzle when an organization creates a program designed to attract and retain suitable employees. A well designed compensation package can ensure that employees are not only attracted to beginning work at an organization, but are also willing to stay within a corporation over time. A higher retention rate for employees can increaseRead MoreAdvantages Of The Enterprise And Regulatory Reform1249 Words   |  5 PagesThis essay aims to lay out the advantages and disadvantages of the Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Acts 2013’s affect upon corporate governance, and more specifically, executive compensation. Using a selection of sources from the media to give examples and illustrate opinions held by different stakeholders, the essay will provide an overview of the potential changes to the business market in the UK and the factors on which these changes depend. Whilst researching around the topic, I also had anRead M oreAdvantages Of A Flattening Chart1105 Words   |  5 Pages Advantages and Disadvantages of a Flattening Chart Jyoti. Waddigeri MSH512 WP: Health Education Program Administration Professor: Dr. Alexander Riley United States University 05/15/2016 Abstract Flat organizational structure is agencies model with few or (much of the time) no levels of middle administration between the administrators/executives and the staff level workers. It was outlined with the possibility that learned and very much prepared employers will be more gainful when theyRead MoreCase Study : Compensation And Wal Mart1185 Words   |  5 PagesCase #4: Compensation and Wal-Mart Introduction When most people talk about Compensation they tend to think about money and getting paid. Well they are partially correct in that you do receive something mainly money for a service someone has done. Compensation refers to money received for work, such as wages, salaries and tips, while the word benefits describes job extras provided by the employer. (Frenz, 2016) Employees can also receive benefits from their companies like health and dental insuranceRead MoreEvaluation Of A Business Organization765 Words   |  4 PagesTo determine what organizations to compare to your organization you will start by looking primarily for organizations in a similar business and located in a similar geographical region. Trade associations or employer associations can frequently help by providing information. Your organization’s pay structure may differ from those in competing organizations if decisions are made to use pay as a primary reward strategy or perhaps emphasize other issues. For ex ample, your organization might offer goodRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act ( Aca )1207 Words   |  5 Pagesthe ACA: †¢ Small employers with predominately low-income employees may tend to opt out of small group markets because their employees will be better off with subsidized individual coverage. †¢ Small employers with employees of heterogeneous income levels will have strong incentives to offer coverage that is either â€Å"unaffordable† or fails to provide â€Å"minimum value† in order to preserve availability of government subsidies for their low-income employees. †¢ Small employers that continue to offer groupRead MoreFour Approaches to International Staffing- Microsoft and Red Cross1343 Words   |  6 PagesFour approaches to international staffing, advantages and disadvantages. The globalisation of the world’s business economy has been particularly significant, resulting in an increase in the importance of, and interest in, international human resourcing. The international company is a type of multi-unit business organisation, which has a corporate centre in its home and its business units located in various host countries. International HRM distinguishes itself from domestic HRM primarily by havingRead MoreAre Ceos Being Overpaid? Essay1623 Words   |  7 Pageswages of a company executive compare to that of a typical employee shows a revealing side of America’s economy and the state of the middle class. The disparity in the wages of a high-level executive and the average worker has created a social dichotomy that continues to divide America. There is no argument againt that fact that the wages of America’s top CEOs has been on a continued rise that was halted only briefly by the recession (Mishel and Davis). Since 2009, the compensation trends has been orientedRead MoreRisk Management Process : Identifying The Risk1234 Words   |  5 Pagesmanagement process: identifying the risk, analyzing the risk, evaluate the risk, treat the risk, and monitor or review the risk (â€Å"What Are the 5 Risk Management Process Steps?†). Step one would be to identify the risk. This step involves finding all the possible potential losses. There are some major issues that can cause a risk in risk management, such as, worker compensation, climate change, and increasing cost. A risk manager can use a variety of information to identify the loss exposures, such asRead MoreAnalysis Of P G Us910 Words   |  4 PagesIn the 1950s, PG US was organized by product (Diagram 1) †¢ Advantages of organizing by product are: o Faster decision making on the products o Decision making can be effectively done by Brand managers instead of escalating it to executives o Product development life cycle can be improved o Faster product modifications based on the customer response o Performance of each divisional products are can be evaluated easily based on the income statements. As each product division is independent, we can

A Description of the Process of Kaizen or Continuous Improvement Free Essays

Continuous improvement is a process of the seeking of small improvements in processes and products, with the objective of increasing quality and reducing waste. Continuous improvement is one of the tools that underpin the philosophies of total quality management and lean production. Through constant study and revision of processes, a better product can result at reduced cost. We will write a custom essay sample on A Description of the Process of Kaizen or Continuous Improvement or any similar topic only for you Order Now Kaizen (the translation of kai (â€Å"change†) zen (â€Å"good†) is â€Å"improvement† or â€Å"change for the better†) has become a foundation for many continuous improvement strategies, and for many employees it is synonymous with continuous improvement.In continuous improvement involved all employees of Corus. Continuous improvement starts with management and under their leadership works down through the organization. Everyone is responsible and has a part to play in making improvements. All employees must work together to identify the steps needed to improve working practices. Visual management techniques such as flow chars and wall charts make clear what resources are necessary and who is responsible for each part in the process. 2. . Corus is developing the team work environment – it means that all parts of company are working together â€Å"in a team†.Every employee should think about the way he work, and to be able to be resistant to old ways of working. The key was getting the teams and individuals and promote new ways of working. Every employee empowered to take responsibility and make their own decisions. Corus established 5 year plan for the programme of introducing change. They expected that: In 2007 workers will be resistant to changes and CI coaches will be responsible for the changes (CI coaches). In 2008 workers will be adoptive to new ideas (Champions and change managers).In 2009 employees will accept to apply new methods (Manufacturing and process managers). In 2010 they will recognise the benefits of change (Team leaders). In 2011 all ideas will be fully adopted by workmen (The Team). This plan is followed by CI managers and coaches, they have a â€Å"small† goals to achieve, and the kind of tasks and work must be performed to achieve the â€Å"global† objectives. 3. . An important part of the Continuous improvement was the creation of Key Performance Indicators. Corus set new KPIs which focus on meeting ustomer deadlines, such as: -A zero backlog of customer orders – this means customers always get their deliveries on time -Meeting targets for rolling steel plate in its allowed week. KPIs show that the Scunthrope mill is achieving its targets for rolling steel in planned weeks and is delivering almost 100% of customers orders complete and of time. Scunthrope Plate Mill aims to have all orders complete and on time by March 2009, while at the same time reducing lead time. ASSIGNMENT Subject: Operations and Administration Management How to cite A Description of the Process of Kaizen or Continuous Improvement, Essays

The Concept of Kitchen Management-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: August Escoffier (1846-1935) was known as "the king of chefs and the chef of kings . Discuss his relevance in the Context of his Influence on Restauranters and Gourmets in the Global Environment today. Answer: Introduction The report looks to take into account the influence of famous French Chef, Auguste Escoffier on the current generation restaurateurs and gourmets. Augustes popularity was reflected on how he had updated the traditional French cooking methods. The simplification which he had brought about in French foods has changed the way people nowadays look into cooks, the way they cook foods and food in general (Beghetto, Kaufman and Hatcher 2016). Most important contribution of Auguste was his influence behind the creation of McDonalds. Through this report, a superior understanding of the theme would be presented as to exactly how the famous French Chef managed to influence the modern generation. Then, a superior critical thinking would help in analyzing the impact that he had created on the restaurateur and also reflect on his achievements and creativity; he had brought forth in cooking (Cleave 2015). This would be followed by convincing, insightful and creative arguments to present a clear pic ture on the level of contribution he had on the present generation cooks by stressing on the importance of taste. Discussion Evidence of superior understanding of the theme The main theme of the report is to create an understanding of kind of influence that Auguste Escoffier has had on the restauranters and gourmets in the global environment today. Escoffier was regarded as the master of chefs and he had simplified the French cuisine to a great extent, had his hand in co-creating Ritz Hotel chain and also went on to write some classic cookbooks like Le Guide Culinaire and Ma Cuisine. All these contributed to a significant extent and finally went on to change the way people look into the art of cooking and food forever. The recipes, approaches and techniques to kitchen management, used by Escoffier are still being adopted by chefs and restaurants, not only in France but all around the world (Danaher 2013). His main contributions were simplifying classical cuisine and the classical menu and get the kitchens reorganized. The process which had got started from the time of Escoffier, is still being implemented in modern conditions and tastes. The king of che fs had refined old recipes to depend less on the usage of spices and more on the original flavors of foods (Frings 2012). The recipes prepared during the time of Escoffier, under his influence, mainly stressed on using the freshest of ingredients, the locally made seasonal ingredients and also simplified the preparation, which could allow for flexibility which has gone on from time to time. The evidence of his influence on modern restauranters and gourmets can be established from the fact that, the practice which was followed nearly 100 years back, have stayed with the modern day chefs as well. The way Escoffier had done away with the system, where all the foods came out in the same time and replaced them with the delivery in certain courses, is getting followed by restaurants all around the world (Hamilton 2015). The art of preserving food items and vegetables through the usage of cans were developed during those times. Escoffier firmly believed in the importance which storage had while giving the desired services in restaurants. He became the army chef in the year 1870 and thats what made him implement the hierarchial system of army and throught of implementing the same in kitchens to allow chefs to gain more efficiency, thus reducing duplication of efforts and identity specific staff functions. The modern generation of chefs call this concept, the Brigade System due to the chain of command, which needs to be followed through the implementation of this practice. Superior critical thinking, reflection and creativity Critical Thinking The main mission of Escoffier was to simplify the culinary activities and narrow down cooking to some core recipes and techniques performed in an efficient manner. He was the man behind the concept of codifying recipes to stock and started using them in almost everything. The iconic book Le Guide Culinaire (1903) is being considered a sacred text by chefs of this modern generation. The influence is not just confined to France but the innovative methods implemented by Escoffier, have had a great influence on restaurants and gourmets all across the world (Lavelle 2015). The recipes of Escoffier were enough proof of the fact that just because preparations got simplified, didnt mean they lacked the features to make them tasteless or mild. Jonah Lehrer, through his book, explained how the simplified technique of making any gravy or sauce by adding liquid to the cooking juices and food particles had actually become the secret of success for Escoffier. This deglazing generally happens when piece of meat has been cooked under very hot temperatures, so as to form a delicious caramelized crust, which then gets removed and left to rest, leaving aside burnt residues in the bottom of the pan (Mamane 2017). This is the point when Escoffiers, one of perfectly made stocks, gets added and the burnt pieces of residue, that had remained in the bottom of the pan, gets dissolved into a sauce, giving out a significantly rich depth of flavor. Modern cooks, nowadays use this technique as an essential staple, when they require to prepare any gravy. Reflection Escoffier maintained that keeping sufficient stock carries a lot of importance in the world of cooking, without which he always felt that nothing else could be done. The amount of stock kept before going ahead to cook items would always make the main work of cooking a lot easier task. In a similar manner, if the food items kept were not of satisfactory level or mediocre to some extent, then nobody can expect things to turn out to become a satisfactory meal (Mora 2012). The fact that women could dine in public places nowadays, a lot of credit goes to Auguste Escoffier. Nowadays modern restaurants where anybody can order food as opposed to taverns and inns, which serviced on a daily basis began during the 18th century in France. The concept did not fair well as people did not feel they could have their food anywhere else other than home. Creativity Auguste Escoffiers creativity lied not only in preparation of foods but also in the creation of veal stock. When the veal stock gets mixed with foods, the stock imparts monosodium glutamate, which helps to increase flavours and ultimate lead towards making food items even more delicious (Petruzzelli and Savino 2014). In the kitchen, which he managed, no anger of shouting was allowed . He made sure to make his staff drink a special malt brew which used to keep them hydrated and well mannered. Escoffers brigade system ensured that there was no chaos. Where the old system went ahead with chefs cooking everything, henceforth going with the next order, the brigade system followed by Escoffer, made sure that there were stations of different food items meat, fish, sauce, vegetables and many more, with the plates moving from one station to another. This is being followed by restaurants all over nowadays as the practice allows for systematic management of kitchen and their staff (Poole 2014). Convincing, insightful and creative arguments Auguste Escoffier was a renowned chef during his times, more than 100 years ago, even got recognition as the Master of Chefs. He had a unique way of making different kinds of preparation, with taste of any dish getting the maximum priority. Some of the convincing, insightful and creative arguments in favor of the theme, the relevance of Auguste Escoffiers influence on restauranters and gourmets in todays global environment are brought forward. The Master of Chefs, Escoffier always put his focus on canning different food items for better storage, still lives on years after he had passed away. He has had his influence on modern cooking across all regions and travelled far and wide (Stierand 2015). Escoffier was the first cook to commercially can tomatoes. Nowadays, another prevalent thing is the gravy, which gets filled with different kinds of food items like mushrooms and bouillon. These innovations were brought up by the master chef himself, when he used to work as a consultant. The a-la-carte style that is prevalent nowadays, was started off by Escoffier during those times. Restaurants do tend to add monosodium glutamate to enhance tastes in their dishes. This was originally invented by Auguste Escoffier, through his creation of veal stock. When that got mixed with foods, a natural monosodium glutamate was formed, which had gone on to enhance the natural flavors which existed and that creation was named by Escoffier, as deliciousness (Tebben 2014). This was a major contribution of the master chef, which is still in use among restauranters and gourmet dish makers across the world. Conclusion The report concludes that Master Chef Escoffier had a major role to play in influencing the modern restauranters and gourmets. The way he had revolutionized the cooking methods through innovative strategies and creating new dishes, has gone on to make huge impact on the modern chefs. The positive influence of dining in a-la-carte style, which got introduced by Escoffier, has made a huge impact on the dining style of modern generation cooks. The concept of kitchen management which was introduced by the master chef has helped to synchronize the way in which chefs work in kitchens. The systematic manner in which operations take place in restaurants, along with the preservation of foods through cans, has made the concept popular among modern day generation cooks. References Beghetto, R.A., Kaufman, J.C. and Hatcher, R., 2016. Applying Creativity Research to Cooking.The Journal of Creative Behavior,50(3), pp.171-177. Cleave, P., 2015. Culinary heritage, nostalgia, and food history.The Routledge Handbook of Sustainable Food and Gastronomy, p.34. Danaher, P., 2013. From Escoffier to Adria: Tracking Culinary Textbooks at the Dublin Institute of Technology 19412013.M/C Journal,16(3). Frings, M., 2012. Pioneers in Fine-DiningThe Development of Haute Cuisine. Hamilton, J.N., 2015. Barbecue Beurre Blanc: A Study of French Cuisine as it Interacts with the Memphis Foodscape. Lavelle, C., 2015. Delicious Biophysics: Cooking as a Prolific Support to Teach Biophysical Concepts.Biophysical Journal,108(2), pp.333a-334a. Mamane, R., 2017.Mastering Stocks and Broths: A Comprehensive Culinary Approach Using Traditional Techniques and No-Waste Methods. Chelsea Green Publishing. Mora, J., 2012. An Examination of Modernist Culinary Techniques and Equipment and their Application in Catering Operations. Petruzzelli, A.M. and Savino, T., 2014. Search, recombination, and innovation: Lessons from haute cuisine.Long Range Planning,47(4), pp.224-238. Poole, B., 2014.French taste: Food and national identity in post-colonial France. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Stierand, M., 2015. Developing creativity in practice: Explorations with world-renowned chefs.Management Learning,46(5), pp.598-617. Tebben, M., 2014.Sauces: A Global History. Reaktion Books.

Industrial Effluents in the Water Pollution Essay Example

Industrial Effluents in the Water Pollution Paper Water pollution is caused by emission of domestic or urban sewage, agricultural waste, pollutants and industrial effluents into water bodies. Nowadays, its main source is the waste material discharged by industrial units. Waste materials like acids, alkaline, toxic metals, oil, grease, dyes, pesticides and even radioactive materials are poured into the water bodies by many industrial units. Some other important pollutants include polycarbonate phenyl (PC) compounds, lubricants and hot water discharged by power plants. The pollutants unloaded into the water bodies usually dissolve or remain suspended in water. Sometimes, they also accumulate on the bottom Of the water bodies. Another important pollutant, that can endanger marine life, is the oil spilled by oil tanks. As per the estimates of the United Nations, 1. 3 million barrels of oils are spilled annually into the Persian Gulf, and about 285 million gallons are spilled into the oceans every year. In the United States, the industries contribute to more than half of the total water pollution. The industrial effluents contain pollutants like asbestos, phosphates, mercury, lead, nitrates, sulfur, sulfuric acid, oil and many other poisonous materials. In many countries, industrial water is not treated adequately before discharging it into rivers or lakes. This is particularly true in the case of small-scale industries that do not have sufficient capital to invest in pollution control equipment. In many instances, the researches and studies carried out to determine the toxicity of these pollutants are focused on the individual effect of the toxic elements. We will write a custom essay sample on Industrial Effluents in the Water Pollution specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Industrial Effluents in the Water Pollution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Industrial Effluents in the Water Pollution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Therefore, sometimes these researches lead to an underestimation of the total toxicity of these harmful materials. Besides, their toxicity is assessed with the help of tests carried out on bacteria, which also fails to take into account the accurate toxic effects on other organisms. These harmful pollutants are a major contributor to many grave diseases such as diarrhea, cholera, hepatitis, dysentery and salmonella. Besides, many of the pollutants are also carcinogenic I. E. They can cause cancer. Some pollutants like sodium can cause cardiovascular diseases, while mercury and lead cause nervous disorders. EDT is another toxic material which can cause hormonal changes. Excess fluoride in water may damage the spinal cord, while arsenic can cause significant damage to the liver and the nervous system. In addition to all these, organic compounds present in the polluted water facilitate the growth of algae and other weeds, which in turn use more oxygen dissolved in the water. This reduces the amount of oxygen dissolved in the water and the consequent shortage of oxygen for other aquatic life. In recent times, to control the menace Of water pollution, various legislations have been introduced by different countries. The legislations undertaken by he United States include Federal Water Pollution Control Act (1 972), the Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act (1972) and the Safe Drinking Water Act (1974). Besides, Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Redirection Act was also amended in 1988. For the success of these legislations, cooperation of the citizens and industrial units is an important prerequisite. In addition to the enforcement and proper use of these rules and regulations, availability of efficient and cheaper pollution control techniques is also required to tackle the threat posed by water pollution.

Modern Architecture essays

Modern Architecture essays During the early twentieth century architecture took a new turn into the more modern way, with clean lines and a new influence of nature, which resulted in a new era of design as a whole. With this new way of thinking came a line of architects that would take architecture into a revolution, such as William Le Baron Jenney, Louis Sullivan and Frank Lloyd Wright. Their ideas would change the way of architecture and would have a lasting impression on architecture in the future along with how it was taught. The Industrial Revolution had so changed technology and design that old concepts no longer seemed right. Starting in 1840, leading artists, designers, and critics tried to develop new approaches to architecture. Modern architecture has its roots in a number of different origins. One of the persistent ideas in 20th-century architecture, however, is the belief of many, engineers as well as architects, that beauty could be seen in the clear expression of the structural properties of the new materials (Curtis 25). As iron, glass, and steel became available, building construction was no longer limited to stone and wood. One structure built for the Paris Worlds Fair of 1889 showed this exactly. The Eiffel Tower, by Gustave Alexandre Eiffel, which was seven-thousand tons of steel, was erected to soar nine-hundred eighty-four feet into the sky, as part of the centennial celebration of the French Revolution. Like this steel skeleton many other buildings would soon use the same type of way to build. High-rise buildings were made possible by the building of a steel cage, on which to hang the floors and walls. The basic skyscraper office building took form in Chicago by the 1890s and spread rapidly elsewhere. Involved were some exceptionally able architects, including members of the Chicago School. The Chicago School, an American architectural movement based in late 19th-century Chicago, was the ...

Critical event analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Critical event analysis - Essay Example From the resemblance alone, I could tell that the boy was their son. They looked around the room in a confused manner and then stared at my mentor and I. We both began to approach the young family. My mentor turned to the parents and began asking questions about why they were there. At that moment, a noisy group of people entered the emergency room and rushed towards us. The young couple did not answer my mentor’s questions, but turned to the group and began to converse loudly in a foreign tongue. My mentor tried to stop the cacophony but was unable to. The hospital’s security guards strode towards the noisy crowd and began to sternly signal for everybody to remain silent. The young couple which was now at the centre of the small crowd suddenly turned to their small boy who had been silently observing everything, and delicately began to remove his sleeve from his hand. My mentor suddenly reared back in shock and stopped their action by grabbing both of their hands. I cr aned my neck to see what had upset her and, to my shock, saw a number of purplish blisters across the boy’s arm which is a characteristic of an iron burn. ... At this point, the parents ran past the security guards and came towards us. I turned to them and began to question them about the incident. They could not speak clear English, and made signs of ironing while pointing at their boy. My mentor asked for the hospital worker who is from the same ethnic background as the boy to be located and brought to assist with communication efforts. What were the consequences of the actions taken for the patient and others involved? Once the worker reached the emergency room, he began to interpret what the boy’s parents were saying as I helped my mentor to apply an antibiotic ointment on the burn. My mentor knelt so as to be on the same level with the boy when asking questions. She asked simple open-ended questions which the boy could reply to with ease. She also used a soft tone of voice so that the child would not be further upset. Then she turned to the parents and indicated for the hospital worker to inform them that the boy would remain f or observation. She also asked for the workers to be informed that this was necessary so that further infection would be prevented, so that the parents would agree to leave the boy in the hospital. In reality, she wanted to ask more questions about the accident. Even though the child remained silent, nodding or shaking his head when questioned, his parents and seeming relatives were still talking in moderate tones outside the door. The revelation that the boy would be admitted brought some protests from a few people, but, in general, others were in agreement with this decision. Reflection How were others feeling, what were the other perceptions involved? I could see that my mentor was deeply disturbed by the

Childbirth Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Childbirth - Thesis Example All in all many patients think that VBAC is safe after the age of 35, or when the foetus is big or that the pregnancy has progressed more than 40 weeks, yet it remains again to doubt as these facts themselves lower the chances of being able to deliver vaginally. But still patients having acquired this kind of data prefer VBAC and this stems from basically the intrinsic desire to be able to experience the natural process of birth and plus avoidance of the scar that the c section leaves behind and the post operative pain . All those who opted for VBAC knew that Information gathering was very important as it helped them to cope with the situation in a better manner and to understand the risks involved and eventually make a better judgment for themselves. The fact that a prior scar could open and it is very dangerous for both mother and baby put the patient's nerves at edge, for in such emotional status it was too worrisome for them to consider anything remotely dangerous for their babies, and did not want to take any risks. Patients having vertical uterine c sections avoided it totally .Those with multiple caesareans, single layer closures, uterine surgery, narrow pelvis, breech foetus, triplets, genital herpes also could not have VBAC. This varied a lot in women and mostly depended up... They had previously failed the normal process of vaginal birth. They did not want to experiment with the rare risk of the c section scar opening up during the vaginal delivery and fearing of which shrunk these patients from considering VBAC. The fact that a prior scar could open and it is very dangerous for both mother and baby put the patient's nerves at edge, for in such emotional status it was too worrisome for them to consider anything remotely dangerous for their babies, and did not want to take any risks. Most patients who had doubts about the hospital facility of handling emergency shrunk from the risk, and especially patients who's labour did not start on its own and cervix remained closed and firm. Patients having vertical uterine c sections avoided it totally .Those with multiple caesareans, single layer closures, uterine surgery, narrow pelvis, breech foetus, triplets, genital herpes also could not have VBAC. Anxiety of patients regarding Caesarean: Infection that could develop, in the incision. Blood clots Breathing problems, this in case of miscalculated date of delivery and the baby lungs not developed fully. Foetal injury. Scaring, after the operation. Pain. The patients were not all that hype about being under the affect of anaesthesia. Excessive blood loss. Facts the patients felt most concerned about and questioned about 1. A caesarean section is a surgical procedure and requires the use of anaesthesia. Any surgery carries a risk of infection, excessive blood loss, and problems caused by the anaesthesia. 2. Women who need a caesarean after a VBAC trial of labour have a higher rate of infection than those who have a caesarean without a VBAC trial of labor.1 3. Whether your doctor will be available in the hospital throughout your labour and

Dominos Pizza UK & IRL plc Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Dominos Pizza UK & IRL plc - Case Study Example The company focuses on selling only one product - pizza - and throughout the year, as it has been doing in the UK and Ireland in the last 20 years, minor improvements are made to get the product to the customer in the shortest possible time. In 2006, the company launched an 'out-the-door' campaign that cut the time from order taking to the start of the delivery down to 15 minutes. Thus, by combining the quality of the product with speed of service, Domino's was bale to increase its repeat orders, which is a key driver of like-for-like sales increases that, at least in theory, could last forever. The profit margin went up by 10% on the basis of several possible factors like better marketing, improved economic conditions in the UK and Ireland where the economy is growing each year by 3-4% (Heritage, 2007, p. 381). The margins for the Group most likely reflect the profits earned from selling to franchisees the ingredients used for making pizzas and from the franchise fees paid by those who opened new stores during the year. Offhand, 13-15% margins are rather small for a food operation, where profit margins are in the range of 20-30% as shown by the margins of McDonald's (2007, p. 20) in the last eleven years, which means that Domino's gets most of its profit margins from franchise fees and not from sales of ingredients or pizzas through its own stores. The asset turnover was calculated using the sales figure of  £94.965 million and the total capital employed of  £18.265 million which is the total assets less the current liabilities as clearly stated in the balance sheet (p. 30). This means that every  £1 invested in the company’s assets returned sales of  £5.19 or over five times the total capital employed in the business. ... The profit margin went up by 10% on the basis of several possible factors like better marketing, improved economic conditions in the UK and Ireland where the economy is growing each year by 3-4% (Heritage, 2007, p. 381). The margins for the Group most likely reflect the profits earned from selling to franchisees the ingredients used for making pizzas and from the franchise fees paid by those who opened new stores during the year. Offhand, 13-15% margins are rather small for a food operation, where profit margins are in the range of 20-30% as shown by the margins of McDonald's (2007, p. 20) in the last eleven years, which means that Domino's gets most of its profit margins from franchise fees and not from sales of ingredients or pizzas through its own stores. As the Domino's report also shows (p. 27), the company spends 14 million on administrative expenses and 8 million for distribution. Asset Turnover = 5.19 times (3.61 times in 2005) The asset turnover was calculated using the sales figure of 94.965 million and the total capital employed of 18.265 million which is the total assets less the current liabilities as clearly stated in the balance sheet (p. 30). This means that every 1 invested in the company's assets returned sales of 5.19 or over five times the total capital employed in the business. This figure is high, and it has increased quite substantially since the previous year. This figure shows that the company generates revenues with a small amount of assets. This is quite expected given that the main business of the Group is to distribute franchises, carry out quality control processes, and plan the marketing of a product portfolio that is focused on pizzas. The increase from 2005 to 2006 is also interesting, a

Concept Of Collaborative Working Social Work Essay

Concept Of Collaborative Working Social Work Essay Social Work is at an important stage in its development as a profession not only in the United Kingdom but around the world. All professions must be responsive and proactive to changing social and economic climates and conditions if they are to meet the needs of the people they are serving. It is essential for Social Workers to be able to practise in accordance with social work values and to retain a clear professional identity, and at the same time to be able to work effectively with other professional groups and agencies. Although there are many terms used to describe working together with other professions such as joint working, inter-professional working, multi-disciplinary working and inter-agency working the term currently used by the Department of Health publications is collaborative practice (Whittington 2003b). New ways of working that crossed professional boundaries had to be created, in order to allow a more flexible approach to care delivery (Malin et al, 2002). Collaboration in health and social care is a relatively new field of study, with the first major studies being undertaken in the 1980s (Roy, 2001). In health and social care collaborative working is often referred to as Inter-professional working, as it is not just about professionals working together. The patients, clients or service users are a central part of the team. At its simplest the concept of collaboration infers that people from different professional and academic backgrounds form a working relationship for the purpose of enhanced service provision. However, the exact nature of the partnership is likely to be contested, whilst fully integrated joined-up collaborative practice has so far proved elusive. Effective communication is an essential component of the traditional social work roles and responsibilities. It is therefore equally necessary for social workers to also have effective communication skills if they are to promote self-help and empowerment to those whom they are providing a service for. Lishman (1994) reminds us that care managers and providers will have to use a range of communication and interpersonal skills if community care is really to mean care, choice and empowerment of others. Collaborative working implies: conscious interaction between the parties to achieve a common goal (Meads Ashcroft, 2005). It recognises both difference similarity. Collaboration is a process by which members of different disciplines share their skills and expertise to provide a better quality service to patients, clients or service users (Hughes, Hemingway Smith, 2005). The sharing of information means both getting information and giving it. The act of gaining information in Social Work is an essential task the information gained can be used for numerous purposes such as: Making an assessment of need or risk Writing a report Planning an intervention To justify obtaining resource The something or benefit is sometimes called collaborative advantage, and it can be seen as the fuel of collaborative working the greater the potential or actual advantage gained by all parties, the greater the levels of energy fuelling the collaboration. According to Wilson (2008) and Hughes, Hemmingway Smith (2005) inter-professional and collaborative working means considering the service user in a holistic way, and it benefits the service user when different organisations, such as Social Workers, District Nurses, Occupational Therapists and other health professionals come together to provide a better service. These definitions describe collaborative working as the act of people working together toward common goals. Integrated working involves putting the service user at the center of decision making to meet their needs and improve their lives (Dept. Health, 2009). Effective collaboration and interaction will have positive outcomes within a working environment for both the teams working together and the service user. Agencies should be encouraged to share information to ensure that all needs of the service users are met but also to ensure the safety of the service user and the other teams involved. Caring for People (Dept. Health, 1989) stated that successful collaboration required a clear, mutual understanding by every agency of each others responsibilities and powers, in order to make plain how and with whom collaboration should be secured. The government has been promoting inter-agency and collaborative working since the late 80s which also saw a change in the policies set forth by the governments and a legislative backdrop was created to promote self-collaboration between companies. The stated aim has been to create high quality, needs-led, co-ordinated services that maximised choice for the service user. (Payne, 1995). Recent events and media outcries have focused collaborative working solely on Social Work as stated in Pollard, Sellman Senior (2005) and when viewed as a good thing, it is worthwhile to critically examine its benefits and drawbacks. (Leathard, 2003). The old government set forth plans to modernize the Social Services as well as update the NHS. A clear indication of this can be found in NHS Plan (Dept. Health, 2000) and Modernizing the Social Services (Dept. Health, 1998a). This was not in fact a new plan it was part of a growing emphasis stemming from the 1970s. The death of Maria Coldwell in 1974 meant there were questions asked why professionals were not able to protect children who they had identified as most at risk. The Cleveland Inquiry 1988 resulted in the direct opposite of 1974 when the methods of the Social Services were deemed too strict and over powering, it was deemed that children were removed from their families when there was little concrete evidence of harm or abuse (Butler-Sloss, 1988), with too much emphasis put on the medical opinion. The old government set forth plans to modernize the Social Services as well as update the NHS. A clear indication of this can be found in NHS Plan (Dept. Health, 2000) and Modernizing the Social Services (Dept. Health, 1998a). This was not in fact a new plan it was part of a growing emphasis stemming from the 1970s. The death of Maria Coldwell in 1974 meant there were questions asked why professionals were not able to protect children who they had identified as most at risk. The Cleveland Inquiry 1988 resulted in the direct opposite of 1974 when the methods of the Social Services were deemed too strict and over powering, it was deemed that children were removed from their families when there was little concrete evidence of harm or abuse (Butler-Sloss, 1988), with too much emphasis put on the medical opinion. The Munro Report (2010) stated that other service agencies cannot and should not replace Social Workers, but there is a requirement for agencies to engage professionally about children, young people and families on their caseloads. The Childrens Act 2004 was introduced after the public inquiry into the death of Victoria Climbià © in 2000; the same public inquiry also resulted in the Every Child Matters movement. The failure to collaborate effectively was highlighted as one of many missed opportunities by the inquiry into the tragic death of Victoria Climbià © (Laming, 2003) and Baby Peter (Munro, 2010). Expressing what you all want to achieve in clear, outcomes-oriented language, and being able to continually recheck those outcomes as your work together proceeds, is the single most important key to successful collaboration. However, it is actually quite difficult to express outcomes in ways that are unambiguous and clearly understood by all of the potential or actual collaborators. The quality of communication is vital. Poor communication is often behind many of the disputes that threaten to stall collaborative working relationships. Clear lines of communication need to be established across the institutions that make up a consortium to ensure everyone is aware of and is able to carry out the accepted policies and procedures. Accountabilities, in particular, should be well defined. Participation and involvement of service user is also critical in the Social Work field. This after all is the main beneficiary of the collaborative working scheme and your goal as a Social Worker is to meet their needs and goals. If you show the service user respect they too will give you a mutual respect which will allow the Social Workers and other elements of the collaborative team to achieve their common goals. However beneficiaries do not have to be aware that an activity is being delivered in partnership for the partnership to be successful. Regular reviews and users feedback can help measure its impact. Collaborative advantage will be achieved when something unusually creative is produced perhaps an objective is met that no organisation could have produced on its own and when each organisation, through collaboration, is able to achieve its own objectives better than it could alone. (Huxham, 1996). Huxham was showing that collaboration will work when it is done properly, and when we as Social Workers put aside any prejudices that are under lying in our working mentality and also our personal mentality, we will work well with other fields and practices to form a more efficient and organised service. By learning with, from and about one another practitioners can understand respective roles and responsibilities, generate mutual trust, strengthen relationships and improve collaborative practice (Barr et al 2005). To summarise and conclude the development of collaborative working will undoubtedly require a change in culture and values amongst health and social care professionals; however it is working and developing quickly and for the better of not just the collaborating agencies but also for the service users.

Perceptions of the Cold War Essay -- Cold War Interviews

This is an interview project with the goal of discovering how people understand the Cold War. In this essay, I will analyze how people understand the Cold War today. I will explain to what extent their definition or understanding of the Cold War differs from the definition provided. I will explain why the respondents’ understanding of the Cold War is different from the way the Cold War is defined in this course or explain why the respondents’ definition is similar to the way the Cold War is defined in this course. This course defines the Cold War as the geopolitical tensions, and proxy wars fought between the United States and the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union and the United States repeatedly annoyed each other through political scheming, military alliances, spying, publicity, arms accumulation, financial aid, and proxy wars between other nations, but did not fight directly during the Cold War (John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum, n.d.). The Cold War is a title that was given to the communication that established for the most part between the United States and the Soviet Union after World War II (Trueman, 2013). The Cold War began in 1945 and ended in 1991 (History Rocket, 2012). The Cold War began because the communist nations did not permit fundamental human freedom, so the United States had hostility against the communists (History Rocket, 2012). The increase in weapons of mass destruction had many worried. The Cold War defined American political view and molded foreign policy (Naranjo, 2014). Mary Wheatly a registered nurse born in 1968 was the first person interviewed. The first words that come to mind when Mary think of the term Cold War is â€Å"the United States and Russia having a disagreem... ...finition provided in the Overview section of this unit’s reading. I have explained why the respondents’ understanding of the Cold War is different form the way the Cold War is defined in this course. Works Cited History Rocket. (2012). Why was the Cold War important? Retrieved February 10, 2014, from http://www.historyrocket.com/World-War/cold-war/Why-Was-The-Cold-War-Important.html John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum. (n.d.). The Cold War. Retrieved February 10, 2014, from http://www.jfklibrary.org/JFK/JFK-in-History/The-Cold-War.aspx Naranjo, R. (2014). Historical analysis of the Cold War. Retrieved February 10, 2014, from http://ehistory.osu.edu/world/articles/ArticleView.cfm?AID=66 Trueman, C. (2013). What was the Cold War? Retrieved February 10, 2014, from http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/what%20was%20the%20cold%20war.htm

Clustering Techniques in Oodbms (Using Objectstore)

Introduction Performance of a database can be greatly impacted by the manner in which data is loaded. This fact is true regardless of when the data is loaded; whether loaded before the application(s) begin accessing the data, or concurrently while the application(s) are accessing the data. This paper will present various strategies for locating data as it is loaded into the database and detail the performance implications of those strategies. Data Clustering, Working Sets, and Performance With ObejctStore access to persistent data can perform at in-memory speeds.In order to achieve in-memory speeds, one needs cache affinity. Cache affinity is the generic term that describes the degree to which data accessed within a program overlaps with data already retrieved on behalf of a previous request. Effective data clustering allows for better, if not optimal, cache affinity. Data density is defined as the proportion of objects within a given storage block that are accessed by a client durin g some scope of activation. Clustering is a technique to achieve high data density. The working set is defined as the set of database pages a client needs at a given time.ObjectStore is a page-based architecture which performs best when the following goals are met: †¢ Minimize the number of pages transferred between the client and server †¢ Maximize the use of pages already in the cache In order to achieve these goals, the working set of the application should be optimal. The way to achieve an optimal working set is via data clustering. With good data clustering more data can be accessed in fewer pages; thus a high data density rate is obtained. A higher data density results in a smaller working set as well as a better chance of cache affinity. A smaller working set results in fewer page transfers.The following sections in this paper will explain several clustering patterns/techniques for achieving better performance via cache affinity, higher data density and a smaller wo rking set. NOTE: clustering is used in this paper as a concept of locality of reference. The term is not being used to refer to the physical storage unit available in ObjectStore. ObjectStore does present the user with a choice for location of allocations: with the database, within a particular segment, within a particular cluster. For the remainder of this paper, the discussion of cluster is a conceptual one, not the ObjectStore physical one.Database Design Process Database design is one of the most important steps in designing and implementing an ObjectStore application. The following steps are pre-requisites for a database design: 1) Identify key use cases (ones which need to be fast and/or are run frequently) 2) Identify the object(s) used by the use cases called out in step 1 3) Identify the object(s) that are read or updated during the use cases called out in step 1 The focus of clustering efforts should be on the database objects which are used in the high priority use cases identified above.Begin to cluster based on one use case, and then validate with others. The database design strategies which lend themselves to achieving the optimal working set are: †¢ Clustering †¢ Partitioning There are several different types of techniques which result in data being well clustered: †¢ Isolate Index †¢ Pooling †¢ Object Modeling Data Clustering Clustering is a technique used to achieve high data density. Another definition of clustering is a grouping of objects together. If a use case requires objects A, B and C to operate, then those objects should be co-located for optimal data density.If upon loading the database, those objects are physically allocated close to one another, then we say we have clustered those objects. Assume that the size of the three objects combined is less than the size of a physical database page. The clustering leads to high data density because when we fetch the page with object A, we will also get objects B and C. In this particular case, we need just one page transfer to get all objects required for our use case. To accomplish good clustering, one must know the use cases and the objects involved in those use cases.Given that knowledge, the goals of clustering are: †¢ Cluster objects together which are accessed together †¢ Separate (de-cluster, or partition – we will discuss partitioning in detail later in this paper) objects which are never accessed together. This includes separating frequently accessed data from rarely accessed data. Partitioning Partitioning is a strategy to isolate subsets of objects in different physical storage units. By definition, if two objects are in different partitions, they are de-clustered. The two goals of partitioning are to gain isolation and to increase data density.Isolation is desirable when concurrent access is required. The scope of this paper is not intended to cover concurrency. For that reason our discussion of partitioning will be rather brief. Although partitioning is intended for isolating objects, its use can improve data density. This may seem, by definition, to be counter intuitive. Let us use an example to illustrate. Imagine a grocery store. If you were in need of a box of cereal, you would go down the cereal aisle. If the grocer has done his job correctly, the aisle (or some number of shelves in the aisle) will be populated ONLY with boxes of cereal.Because other items have been located in their respective aisles/shelves, the entire cereal aisle is dense with cereal. If the grocer had not done the job correctly, a given section of a shelf might have (for instance) boxes of noodles, cans of vegetables, and bags of chips. In this scenario, the shelf does not have good data density for the goal of obtaining a box of cereal. Recall the definition of data density: the proportion of objects within a given storage block that are accessed by a client during some scope. Our scope is to obtain a box of cereal. Our storage block is the aisle or a shelf. If the shelf in question contains many items other than cereal, then we have poor data density. If, on the other hand, we partition the non-cereal items to be in different aisles, then the cereal aisle would contain only cereal and thus a high data density would Conclusion The way in which data is loaded into the database can have significant impact on the performance of an application. Careful analysis of the use cases for an application should allow key objects to be identified. Once key objects are identified, a clustering strategy can be planned.Several of the techniques presented here can allow for a clustering strategy that will boost performance far beyond any tuning that might be done after the database is loaded and the application delivered. It is often the case that several techniques can be combined; an application need not restrict itself to the use of just one technique. The goal of clustering is to reduce your working set siz e; yield higher data density; and reduce the number of pages which need to be transferred between the application and the ObjectStore server.

The U.S Constitution & Bill of Rights

The U.S Constitution & Bill of Rights interests and actions that can potentially affect the peoples interest.

The Advantages and Disadvantages of Federalism essays

The Advantages and Disadvantages of Federalism essays Federalism is one way that governments choose to solve the problem of governing large populations and/or diverse cultures. Federalism works by dividing its authority and responsibility, as opposed to a unitary government, in which the central government controls everything. Examples of federalism operating successfully include the United States, One advantage of federalism is that by allowing the central government to delegate many government functions to states or provinces, it has more time to focus on world issues and policies. With such a system in place, the state governments can focus on local responsibilities, which works better because state and local representatives are closer to the issues and problems that affect their population. In addition, it is impractical for a national government to assume it can have one central location; the government can not cover large areas of geography nor can it keep up with population growth. As a result, federalism brings the government closer to the people because the people have easier access to local officials and they also have a greater influence on how local governments govern. Disadvantages of a federal system include the division among subcultures. When individuals of the same mind become concentrated in one area, problems erupt that demand intervention from the federal government. For example, the South generated a strong subculture, which lead to the Civil War. In addition, a single party can sometimes dominate local governments, they seem to block progress at times, and they are more open to corruption. (73) While certainly local governments have the potential to become corrupt and dominating, the advantages and results gained from using federalism as a means of governing prove to be the most successful. ...

Statistical Forecasting in Business Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Statistical Forecasting in Business - Term Paper Example On the other hand, regression analysis in business forecasting answers the question â€Å"by how much†. In this regard, both simple and multiple regression analysis shows the relationship between the dependent variable against the independent variables (IV: within subject factors e.g. products differentiation, product prices etc.). A business normally comes up with a model based on its operations and then using the available historical data formulates a regression equation which can be used able to predict the future values. An example of a regression model is shown below;SV = ÃŽ ²0 + ÃŽ ²1P + ÃŽ ²2M+†¦+ ÃŽ ²nXi In this model, ÃŽ ²Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s are the coefficients of the various independent variables and which signifies the amount of dependent variable change (in this case sales volumes), either positive or negative, once one of the independent variable’s changes by a single unit. P, product differentiation, and M, market share, are examples of independent variables. ÃŽ ²n shows that the variables can be as many as possible depending on the business itself. According to Jain, C. L. (2000), business forecasting is normally completed through the application of data mining processes where models are used to predict future using existing/historical data from which business potential if projected based on different business activities as well as transactions. To Jain, the sole purpose of data mining is to establish the presence of predictive criteria which might be present if large volumes of historical data are used.

Quantitative Research Tools Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Quantitative Research Tools - Assignment Example These quantitative analyses develop trends for future and guide strategy development and employment. The application of quantitative techniques in providing solutions to identified problems of a case study also validates the theory used to make any suggestion; unlike, qualitative research provides responses based on researcher’s biases (Dul, and Hak, 2008). Â  Since techniques under discussion are objective in nature, application in case study provides results leaving no or least room for subjectivity as for the questions. Hence, providing responses with defined scope of variables involved conclusions and recommendations. Â  Quantitative research is based on the cause and effect relationship. Testing of propositions in the context of the case study is also developed with logic and theories in deductive form. Therefore, instances of the case study are the only factors to impose the effect on the results. This also separates a researcher from posing any influence on the outcome, defining and explaining the variables of the case study under analysis that are usually prone to an extensive deviation on being explored with theory only or even using the qualitative research techniques (Gerring, 2005). Â  The exploration of a case study using mentioned techniques also provides evidence of the level of impact of uncontrollable variables indefinite terms. For instance, application of regression analysis to forecast the trend of sales in two branches of a company in distant areas but with almost identical operations and the most accounted variables would still not yield identical results. This difference in trend provides evidence related to the level of impact arising from differences in scenarios.

Marriage and Parenting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Marriage and Parenting - Essay Example Thus, here the family is seen "as a place of intimacy, love, and trust where the individuals may escape the competition of the humanizing forces in modern society" (Zinn & Eitzen, 1999: 8), making them salient 'paradigms', images on which cultures around the world are compared. The adherence to this age-old concept of 'family' and the constructs of family-connected-living is found to be mutually fulfilling and beneficial, bringing about care and dependency, and predictability of roles and responsibilities. Thus, the family can also be seen as providing fulfillment, and a place of compensation and protection (Zinn & Eitzen, 1999: 2). But, the traditional family-construct solicited long term commitment and fidelity of both the individuals involved. This was opposite to the fulfillment of self-satisfaction gained in those pursuits, which were the main goals of the value-system present in the society. Here, family and the commitment it envisages, is viewed as a struggle, or as an encumbrance. This gives it a negative image. Under this perception, family-based kinship-relationships are the limiting factors of the individual's quest of fulfillment of aspirations. Thus, in this view, family is a bondage that inhibits full human potential. The relationship between romantic love and sex is effectively explained through biology - which views both as the basis of human behavior. Studies have shown the Man is evolution's tool, not its master (Kelman, 1998, pp.3-24). But, the distinctions of gender, and a more primitive form of romantic love, which signifies some sense of sex or sexuality, is found in most animals too. Gender is understood as the physical evolutionary organs male and female, bestowed by nature, for the 'continuum of the genetic species'. The gender classification inherently denotes the tasks and responsibilities to be performed by either like, females reproduce, prepare food; males hunt etc. Sexuality is explained as the heightened awareness with the aim of procreation, of the "physical evolutionary change related to the sexual act itself" (Kelman, 1998, pp.3-24). Hence, gender is the stereo-type role play determined by the basic sex viz. male or female of the species. For example, animals especially other apes, "enjoy sex only when the females are in their most fertile phase, their estrus" and "would quickly lose interest" (Kelman, 1998, pp.3-24), once it is over, to carry on their social role play such as child-rearing and grooming. This is true for other species as birds and insects too; their mating instincts making them acutely aware of their differences, "birds dance and sing in courtship". Thus sex seems to be a "kind of universal social lubricant" in a complex social world, with the secretion of sex-hormones dictating their behavior. For human beings, though much of the primitive sexual instincts have been retained, they are not exclusively driven by their hormones alone. The effect of culture and the presence of emotional attachment that binds them in relationships cannot be ignored. Thus, they "are bound together by more complicated bonds than an enhanced sexual relationship" and because of the other emotions involved, for human beings "sex is very rarely simply sex" (Kelman, 1998, pp.3-24). Compare and contrast two cultural systems of marriage. "Marriage is about as close as humans come to a universal cultural value"

Obesity in African American Culture Essay Example for Free

Obesity in African American Culture Essay ?Obesity has more that just a physical effect on the body. Obesity also greatly affects the mental and emotional part of the body as well. Although you cannot directly correlate metal and emotional health to obesity, you can see that its effects do in fact play a role in the mental and emotional health of an obese person. While the effects of obesity do indeed reach out to all races, it is easy to see that mental and emotional problems from obesity in the African American culture are present in the culture. Depression, anxiety, and discrimination, are all results that are caused by obesity in the African American community. Many people are familiar with depression, whether it be a friend or family member that went through it or that they themselves went though it. â€Å"Depression is a state of low mood and aversion to activity that can have a negative effect on a persons thoughts, behavior, feelings, world view and physical well-being† (Salmans 1997). African American obesity has a close tie with depression in African American people. When people are self-conscious about their weight they may think that people look down on them for this. This would cause them to think less of themselves or believe that others are better then them. In turn it can cause the obese African American to have a bad view of themselves, other people, and the world in general. This is exactly what depression is. You can see that depression can be caused by obesity in the African American culture. Anxiety is another emotional distress many people are familiar with. Anxiety is know as, â€Å"the displeasing feeling of fear and concern† (Davison 2008). Many people have felt the effects of anxiety in their own lives, whether it is before an important test, a speech in front of many people, or the big gam; many people feel anxiety. Looking only at anxiety caused by obesity in African American people is a different situation. Anxiety or nervousness before a big event is common and in many ways healthy because it motivates us to do the very best we can. Anxiety in African Americans because of obesity is not healthy; in fact it can be dangerous and destructive. By feeling displeased and concerned about their weight African Americans can struggle all through out life to over come these feelings. It could limit their goals and overall make them settle for less then they really can do. Anxiety do to obesity in the African American community is not a healthy and can severely constrain someone’s life. Discrimination in the African American community has always been a problem through out history. Slavery is a very obvious product of discrimination. Taking a more specific look at discrimination of the African American community because of obesity is a different situation. When people discriminate African Americans because of their weight it seriously prohibits their chances of succeeding in life. It could be in the work place or at school. By placing these barriers we are limiting the ability of the African American community and hurting their chances of having a successful and meaningful life. These mental and emotional effects of obesity in the African American community are unfair and wrong. People should not be judged on their weight. Davison, Gerald C. (2008). Abnormal Psychology. Toronto: Veronica Visentin. p. 154. ISBN 978-0-470-84072-6. Salmans, Sandra (1997). Depression: Questions You Have – Answers You Need. Peoples Medical Society. ISBN 978-1-882606-14-6.

Electronic Health Record Benefits

Electronic Health Record Benefits The electronic health record is a mean of organizing patients data making use in the field of information technology. Its purpose is to fulfill the various needs for information not only of patients and healthcare providers but also of other beneficiaries. The implementation of electronic health record system in health care organization is very complex and involves many parameters. Introduction Electronic health record is currently used by 12% of the physicians and 11% of the hospitals nationwide. Industry and government have promoted Electronic health record as a means of controlling costs and improving patients care. The electronic health record has become one of president obama main agenda and the investment necessary to ensure that within the coming years, all of Americas medical records are computerized. Today with the advance of globalization the electronic health record is still highly unlikely to advance in the next five years, governmental, technical and industry advances are adopting, which will drive the electronic health record in the hands of medical providers. The electronic health record (E.H.R) is a digital record of patient health information generated by one or more encounters in any care delivery setting. It contains information of the patient includes demographics, problems, medications, vital signs, past medical history, laboratory data and radiology re port . The electronic health record also promises the removal of many barriers in the medical field such as saving lives, money, and time, but unfortunately the fulfillment of this promise in the real world application has remained with a big question mark due to many factors cost of implementation, privacy and security. The following graph is the result of survey experts at nearly 3000 group practice nationwide. The table below lists barriers to Electronic health record adoption. well known factors such as security and cost are cited as key factors, but other factors which is usability is not mentioned frequent is another barrier to the electronic health record adoption. Usability is a primary concern Usability issues are also a factor why electronic health record implementation fails. In a survey paper primary care physicians were asked the reasons why they did not use the electronic health record system. From the research finding 35% of the physicians listed specific electronic health record usability issues, the most common were: Problems with the screen navigation, and the lack of functioning and the concern that the data will be lost. Anecdotal support for usability and Electronic health record failure comes from Cedars- Sinai medical centre of Los Angeles. They developed a $ 34 million computerized physician order entry system, but only included the input of a few physicians before launching it hospital wide in 2002 without thorough training Physicians who previously used to take notes by hand now required going through nearly a dozen screens and responding through numerous alerts for even common orders. Traditional doctors around 400 of them demanded its removal within three months of its launch. Poor usability can also endanger patients health. The electronic health record should be modernized helping the clinician workflow. In the year 1991, the institute of medicine released a report supporting the idea of implementing the Electronic health record within the coming years. In 2010, researchers believe only a small portion of health providers both public and private implementing the system. The implementation o f electronic health record provides answers to many barriers in the medical world. Background An electronic health record is a digital or electronic record of the patient health information gathered over the history of the patients interaction with the health care system. An electronic health record stores all information concerning the patient health statues. Information varies and includes the following age/sex, medications, and vital signs, past medical history, laboratory data and radiology report. The concept of a medical report goes back to the fifth century B.C developed by the Greek physician Hippocrates, also known as the Hippocratic Oath. Hippocrates described two main goals behind his findings 1- a medical record should accurately reflect the course of disease 2- a medical record should indicate the problem cause of the disease. In the present days, the electronic health record first began to appear in the 1960s. Reported that at least 73 hospitals began to use the electronic health record system. In 1991, the institute of medicine released a landmark report recomm ending the electronic health record be implemented in health system within 10 years. Almost 20 years later, according to the latest researchers only a small portion of health providers have implemented electronic health record. A Meta analysis of diffusion rates of the electronic health record in the United States shows that an uptake has slowed in recent years. The study concludes Electronic health record is the future. President Obama administration has the electronic health record as one of its primarily agenda the investment necessary to ensure that within the next five years, all of Americas medical records are computerized. While still with the advance of globalization the electronic health record is highly unlikely within the next five years, governmental, technical and industry advances are adopting, which will drive the electronic health record in the hands of medical providers. The electronic health record also promises the removal of many barriers in the medical field suc h as saving lives, money, and time. The question is still debatable whether the whole world will move towards the implementation of the Electronic health record. The electronic health record is one of the most important electronic patient data collection of our time and with the expanding population of the world it has become a necessity to implement the system in all public and private hospitals. The G.C.C region Literature review The opinions concerning the positive effects an E.H.R can have on patients health and whether all the healthcares in the world should step in and implement the system. The collection of personal health data is described to have many formats when speaking of systems that manage it. Reduction of the storage necessary to keep paper charts is also a noted as a reason to leverage an E.H.R freeing up of space better used for revenue generation. Paper charts have their own risk associated with them in terms of getting lost, productivity impacts to maintain and retrieve paper records and the resulting negative patient care (Carpenter 2002). An electronic health record system is the collection of data that is central to the patient (Rishel, Handler Edwards, 2005). These opinions agree the importance of the E.H.R and implementation of the system. An E.H.R system exists to facilitate the storage, revival and continuity of the record itself (Gans, Kralewski, Hammons Does, 2005). These opinions also strongly agree with the improvisation of the Medical record with the advances with science and technology. reversing the scenario, an E.H.R system can collect and aggregate information from other sources such as laboratory, X-ray and unstructured data like faxes or handwritten notes ( Wojcik, 2006) the scholar Wojcik agrees strongly with the use of E.H.R talking about the positive of the E.H.R reduces the storage of handwritten notes and stacks and piles of paper. The near term presents providers with realizing the digitization of the boxes of paper that is generated by patient encounters. These paper databases represent the clinical data that is ultimately needed to take EMR systems to the next level. The near term presents providers with realizing the digitization of the boxes of paper that is generated by patient encounters. These paper databases represent the clinical data that is ultimately needed to take EMR systems to the next level. Clinical data is the baseline in whic h all healthcare processes subscribe including decision support, health outcome analysis, billing and claims processing and health maintenance. Correlation and access to this data is what EMR systems seek to facilitate (Handler Hieb, 2007). Electronic health record systems, once materially implemented across the healthcare spectrum, will itself become the framework in which more overarching goals can be accomplished, such as the centralization of a persons health history. With Clinical data as a basis, further utilization of EMR systems can occur. EMR systems, once materially implemented across the healthcare spectrum, will itself become the framework in which more overarching goals can be accomplished, such as the centralization of a persons health history (Gartner. Currently, about 25 percent of U.S physicians are using systems that facilitate electronic health records (Murdock, 2007). E.H.R has become a primary concern in the medical world and the according to past literature re view in this generation we find that it some of the scholars are concerned with the paper works as they say that the E.H.R will help save doctors a lot of time and makes the process more efficient. Some scholars say that paper based system is very negative as it leads to losing important patient data which might confuse the doctor in prescribing proper medication to the patient. There are differences of opinion but according to most scholars the E.H.R is a vital tool in solving many of the issues that both public and private hospitals face around the world Questionnaire Results The questionnaire focuses on the importance of the E.H.R system and its implementation in the United States of America at a nation wide level. With growing medical demands around the world Hypothesis one results Our research finding indicate that the U.S government is encouraging the country medical networks to start using the E.H.R Hypothesis two results Our research finding according to 430 surveyors say that 55.1 % of their medical practices use the Electronic health record system Hypothesis three results Our research finding shows that majority of the surveyors have a positive outlook that majority of the medical practices will start using the E.H.R between the next 1 to 2 years Hypothesis four results Our research finding shows that 41.8% of the surveyors believe that their medical providers will qualify for the Medicare and Medicaid programs Hypothesis five results Our research finding again shows a positive outlook of the near future as 65% of the surveyors say that their practices will qualify for the Medicare and Medicaid programs by the end of 2011 Hypothesis six results Our research finding again shows that the U.S government financial incentive can upgrade the performance of E.H.R surveyors helped us with the conclusion that government financial backing to the Medicaid and Medicare programs can improve the medical performance in the near future Hypothesis seven results Our research finding states the importance of the U.S government testing the E.H.R program before purchasing them according to the surveyors 71% agreed the importance of testing the systems before implementing them nationwide Hypothesis eight results Our research finding concluded that most of the clinicians hire 1-5 physicians which is low according to the demands of medical needs of our current era Case Study Questions and answers regarding on implementing the electronic health record (Case Study). The case study focuses on the systematic reviews and the effects of electronic health record system can have in the medical sector if implemented at nationwide level. In the G.C.C the electronic health record is still new and according to our case study taken from the united states we want to find whether implementing the electronic health record system will add value to the medical sector or not. Will electronic health record improve patients health outcome? In a review evidence results in two study cases came up with the following result In 2004 a systematic review conducted 3 study cases that reported patients outcomes, no benefit was the conclusion In 2008 an analytical survey of several U.S patients found very few data or no association between the use of electronic health records and the improvement of patients outcomes In the end of the study there was no evidence linking between electronic health record with better patient outcomes Will electronic health record improve the quality of care? Evidence proves that the following result might occur on the electronic health record if implemented in practice In 2004 a review of 26 studies analyzed several outcomes related to the quality of patient physician encounters and with the research it discovered a sharp incline in provision of preventing care In 2006 a review on health information technologies and their impact on quality, efficiency and cost findings were: Increased adherence to guidelines based care, advanced surveillance and monitoring and a decline in medication errors In 2007 a study of data from some community health centers over the course of one year concluded that while electronic health record related costs had not been recovered, the quality of care improved In 2008 a review on the advantages and costs of electronic patient Concluded that concerning the influence of EPRs on the quality of care The studies did not clearly identify a clear answer to the questions of Benefit In 2009 a review of 7 countries experience implementing health information systems concluded that they had a neutral experience where neither benefit nor harm between the system implementation and quality of care The conclusion of the study indicates that the electronic health record has a positive effect on the quality of care; however some of the reviews still find it neutral so the opinions of the doctors and physicians are still conflicting. Will the Electronic health record be cost effective? In 2003 cost benefit analysis on the electronic health record in primary care settings concludes that electronic health record can result in positive return on investment In 2007 review on informatics system designed to improve care of chronic disease found that both cost effectiveness and adherence were significantly improved In 2008 report on the United States budget office summarized evidence supporting the practice of health information technologies describes the benefits on cost saving as limited In 2010 assessment on the quality of care resulting from hospital computerization concludes that currently implemented hospital computing might improve process measures of quality but not administrative or overall costs The research cite modest cost benefit associated with electronic health record, however based on results for small trails or projections based on modeling: empirical evidence supporting the cost effectiveness on electronic health record remains limited or conflicting Will the electronic health service save time and improve the efficiency of health services delivery? In 2006 a review of quality measures on the use of electronic health records indicated that the lack of implementing health services has been demonstrated, but the author notes that the outcome is limited to a wider health service provider A systematic review in the year 2008 analyzed six studies that addressed electronic health record with respect to consultation time, one study found the decrease in consultation time and the other found no difference A 2008 report from the United States congressional budget office summarized evidence supporting the adoption of health information technologies described the evidence around efficiency as conflicting In 2009 a review examined the impact on regional health information system and figured that, studies were of variable scope and quality improves the medical data access, timely information, and medical data exchange and improvement in communication and coordination within a region between health care professionals While there are some evidence supporting an association between the electronic health record and efficiency, there is also evidence which does not support this conclusion Will electronic health record improve physicians and patients satisfaction? In 2004 a review found that results were mixed with both the patients and physicians expressing enthusiasm for electronic health record and on the other hand expressing significant concerns about the impact of their use on a variety of outcomes A 2009 review of seven united based studies examined patient satisfaction with the electronic health record and figured that: one out of seven studies reported a positive effect on patient satisfaction, five out of seven studies reported a neutral effect and one out of seven studies reported a negative effect Evidence on patients and physician satisfaction is scarce An interview with Dr Michael Shuskho on the electronic health record As a professional in your field how do you find the electronic health record system? Michael: the E.H.R is an advanced system which is very useful for doctors especially in the current Era. It provides better patient care, and makes a permanent record that is legible that other doctors can review the system and also actually streamlines patient care Will the electronic health record improve efficiency and reduce time Michael: yes, the electronic health record is a valuable system to most of the doctors because it replaces the piles of paper and with a few click on your computer screen the doctor can view all the patients past medical record and send all the information to the other doctor within minutes Is the electronic health record system better than the manual paper based system? Michael: yes, the E.H.R is clearer and safer than the manual system provided that it is used carefully. Exg: a doctor can view patients X-Ray, picture of his electro cardio graph in a much clearer and digitalized form while in the paper based system the pages might wear or get old and by the time the picture of the X-Ray gets more aged, it makes it hard for the doctor to identify the exact diagnosis Is it cheaper to implement an electronic health record? Michael: The electronic health record system is expensive and the start up cost of the Medicaid and Medicare programs is high but in the long term it will eventually become cheaper for the clinics and hospitals to use them What are the barriers that prevents the electronic health record system by being in practice at a larger scale Michael: some doctors who arent familiar with updated technology and use practical manuals prefer not to implement the E.H.R in their clinics. Another barrier to the electronic health record is the upfront cost which is expensive and the some doctors find it hard adapting to the system Dr. Michael one last question before we conclude our interview. In your personal opinion will the E.H.R be mandatory by 2015 in the U.S Michael: I assume the probability that the electronic health record system might be mandatory in the U.S and the government might take actions in seeing that all the practices and clinics use the system The implementation of the E.H.R IN Kuwait and Bahrain Based on our research we have found that the electronic health record still needs to adapt at a global scale and the system is new to the G.C.C countries compared to the western countries such as United States, United Kingdom. Kuwait started using the E.H.R in 2005 in private and public clinics replacing the paper based system. According to the hypothesis questions and results in the U.S case studies it shows clearly that the E.H.R is on the way of improving and use the E.H.R rather than the traditional filing system. Bahrain is also taking a step further in implementing the system and the public and private clinics and with the help of the MGA methodology and the case study we have come with proposed solutions and the benefits that the kingdom of Bahrain and other G.C.C countries will achieve through the E.H.R December 2010 The health ministry in Bahrain will launch its national e-files project early 2011. It will cost the ministry between BD 25 Million to BD 30 million. Files of patients at salmaniya Medical complex and health centers will be converted into e-files. The first phase will cost BD 1.5 million and include all SMC and health care patients. Private hospitals and clinics can also be part of the system by paying a fee The health minister stated that many countries were struggling to meet the challenges of providing adequate health care for citizens. Changing demographics increased patients expectations, a global shortage of health professionals and rising costs associated with innovative technologies and new drugs means that healthcare is consuming an increasingly large proportion of gross domestic product and is becoming a priority for most governments. The minister also discussed Bahrain healthcare agenda through some strategic objectives which includes health promotion and prevention by strengthening primary healthcare services, the provision of quality health services by maintaining international accreditation of facilities and enhancing access to all health care services (Gulf Daily News- [emailprotected]) Plan for online health service Patients in Bahrain may soon be able to manage their healthcare online. Patients know best (PKB) enables people to communicate securely with doctors and nurses, access their medical records and send and receive health data. The medical group was founded two years ago by Bahraini Dr Mohammed Al Ubaydli in the United Kingdom. He has more than 15 years of experience in the medical software and trained as a physician at the Cambridge University. The expert worked as a staff scientist at the national institutes of health and was a management consultant to US hospitals at the Advisory board company and is the author of six books. PKB is the first company to integrate into Britains NHS secures connecting for patients to work online with clinicians. The group was voted as the best social innovation start up at tech crunch europas European start up awards 2010. At least two hospitals in Bahrain as well as others in the UAE and Malta have shown interest in signing up to the initiative. In the U.K, PKB affiliates includes great Ormond St hospital, Thalidomide Trust, Cure Parkinson and Two NHS hospitals will also sign up soon Access Dr Al Ubaydli said hospitals and medical centers that have affiliated with the PKB give their patients an online ability to securely access their medical documents, history and test results, have online consultations with their doctors and receive prescriptions. Once you give the medical record to the patient they can give them to their GP, relatives, social workers and so on he told the GDN. The patient can start an online consultation with any doctor they have added, it works a bit like the face book. They can also reach their doctor at any time say, for example, their child is taking medication but develops a fever at 3am and they can go online and ask the doctor how to adjust their medication. The system asks automated questions that your doctor would ask so that when the doctor sees this in the morning it saves them a lot of time and they can quickly respond with advice. ( Gulf Daily News 8 Dec 2010) The articles concludes the following results The kingdom of Bahrain is taking new measures in implementing the E.H.R in the G.C.C and mena region Many of today healthcares can be solved through networking Globalize E.H.R System Networking communication is an intermediary between practicing doctors implementing the E.H.R in their private clinics or public clinics. The information process is much faster through communication networks which reduces time, saves lives and improves efficiency Exg: Steve Dr Akram Favorite doctor has a patient and needs emergency solution to a problem through a communication network can achieve his goal browsing the Globalize E.H.R network finding solutions through other Doctors specialized in that field. An E.H.R system that works like a face book Doctors can log on their account and log on the system with other health professionals and discuss emergency situations and provide solutions The problems can be solved through fast communication and accurate knowledge the tacit knowledge key challenges to health practitioners implementing the E.H.R in the GCC countries Cost of implementation is not offset by the efficiencies in the E.H.R Technical support needs to be modified due to the advancement in IT Stress on staff and the practice in general was significant A 2007 review article recommended strong physician leadership and a staged approach to successful implementation In 2010 an article challenged conventional assumptions that the physicians were to blame for low uptake of electronic health record. Electronic medical records vary greatly in capability, quality, and cost. Doctors will become enthusiastic users if the electronic medical records are helpful in the care of their patients There are significant challenges associated with implementing E.H.R in the Mena or G.C.C countries Benefits of networking for the G.C.C Region Improves patient care through greater access to information Reduces test result times Decrease paper work for clinicians Integrate communication Helps ensure that patient medical data and stats are there when patients need to find his/ her test results Compliance with privacy regulations Proposed solutions for the electronic health record A 2008 synthesis of 3 qualitative studies identifies essential components of successful electronic health record implementation A project champion Realistic expectation of the challenges of implementing an electronic health record Addressing existing staff attitude towards IT Provide adequate training to staff A systematic review of 7 countries experience implementing health information system in primary care identified the following factors Quality of the graphical user interface and feature functionality Quality of implementation project management Users previous experience with information technology systems The Electronic health record today application The adoption of the electronic health record is difficult to overcome due to the lack of the return on investment. Scholars and writers on the subject noted that health care decision makers find it difficult to demonstrate return on investment to undertake a comprehensive electronic health record system within their organization. The health care costs continue to increase and the fact that the initial investment on equipment can be quite expensive. Another fact that complicates the adoption of the electronic health record is that the data is heavily structured, being recorded in the allotted space. Training is an important issue and this is required by a large amount of population. One should keep in mind that the population has different levels of computer literacy (Upham 2004). These contributors of the electronic health services contributed to a slow increase in the adoption of such systems in many hospitals. In a survey question regarding the E.H.R and the implementation of the m ethod out of 436 who have responded to the question, 35.6% said that they have already implemented the electronic health services. The percentage is expected to grow in the coming years of application. The G.C.C is taking all the necessary step in implementing the system with an enhanced knowledge in the field and the governments should test all the Medicare and Medicaid programs before implementing the system The Evolution of the Electronic Health Record The electronic health record is an open field of debate amongst the doctors, physicians, clinicians and scholars. In the electronic implementation of such records, we may also expect to find populations of patients, integrated access to biomedical literature and interactive environment for offering clinical guidelines or consultative advice. Throughout ages the world is becoming more globalized and in the age of science and technology the computer is being the number one tool. The (local area network) is connected to the full internet, with an integrated access to a wide variety of information sources that are geographically distributed well beyond local institutions. The electronic health record system is expanding worldwide and some of the future implementation An enhanced internet: an internet with much higher bandwidth and reliability, increased response time and financial models that makes the application cost effective and practical is required. Major research effort is underway to address some of these concerns, including the federal next generation Internet activity in the United States exploratory effort that continue to push the state of art in internet technology, and all significant implication for the future of health care delivery in general for computer- based health record in particular Better Education and health care training for health care providers: there is a difference between computer literacy (familiarity with computers and the routine users in society) and the knowledge of the role that computing and communication technology can and should play in our health care system. More medical information training programs and the expansion of existing programs are needed. Junior faculty in health science schools who may wish to seek additional training in this area should be supported Changes in the management and organization of health care institution: health care provide some of the most complex organizational structures in society, and it is simplistic to assume the off shelf products will be smoothly introduced into a new institution without major analysis. Discussion The project mainly discusses on electronic health record system that the implementation of the idea goes back to Hippocrates who laid the foundation in the 5th century and by the following years doctors, physicians, pharmacists and clinicians tried to improvise the idea of the health record system on paper but in the 1960s the standards of the paper based changed to the electronic health record systems and hospitals welcomed the new system which was more efficient and reduces paperwork and time. The electronic health record according to numerous researches and articles emphasized that the system should be introduced worldwide. the G.C.C region is expanding in both size and capacity since the countries like Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Uae opened door to foreign investment in their respected countries. Our research focuses on the implementation of the E.H.R in the U.S and the results of the case study gave us a better understanding on whether to implement the system in the G.C.C countries. The results were positive and the need of the system is becoming compulsory in our world today. Kuwait have already